What happens when:
(i) Ethyl alcohol is heated in the presence of Al2O3 at 493 K? 
(ii) Ethylene dibromide is heated with zinc dust?


(i) Ethylene is formed.



(ii) Ethylene is formed by dehalogenation reaction.


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What happens when butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated H2SO4. Account for the product formed.


When butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated H2SO4, but-2-ene is the major product according to Saytzeff rule.





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What is Saytzeff’s rule? Explain it with an example. 


Certain haloalkanes can undergo elimination in two different ways giving a mixture of two products. In such reactions, the preferred product is the more highly substituted alkene (i.e. the alkene having lesser number of hydrogens on the doubly bonded carbon atoms). This generalisation is known as Saytzeff’s rule.






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Out of the two - trans-but-2-ene and cis-but-1-ene, which is more stable and why


Trans-but-2-ene has less heat of hydrogenation than the cis-isomer, therefore it is more stable. 



In the trans isomer, the two methyl groups are present on the opposite side as compared to cis-isomer. As a result, the Vander Waal's forces of attraction in trans isomer are less. This means that the trans isomer has less heat of hydrogenation and is more stable than the cis-isomer.

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What happens when 2-Bromobutane is heated with alcoholic KOH. Account for the product formed.


When 2-Bromobutane is heated with alcoholic KOH, but-2-ene is the main product.



Formation of but-2-ene as the major product can be explained by Saytzeff's rule which states that if an alkyl halide undergoes elimination in two different ways, then the more highly substituted alkene i.e. having lesser number of hydrogen atoms on the doubly bonded carbon atoms, is the major product of dehydrohalogenation reaction.

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